Although the chemical industry has used continuous flow process plants for years, it is relatively new to the pharmaceutical industry. With skyrocketing costs for batch small molecule pharmaceutical plants reaching over $1,000 per square foot1. Continuous Flow Chemistry provides a lower installed cost alternative. Besides installed cost there are many other benefits as you can … [Read more...]
Dust Flammability – Part 2 of 3 in a Series on Explosions
Dust Flammability In this second part in our Series on Explosions and Flammability we will discuss Dust Flammability. The dust pentagon below shows that there are five (5) elements necessary for a dust deflagration to occur. Dust Flammability Pentagon Combustible dust Oxidant Ignition source Dispersion of dust Confinement of dust Although confinement is … [Read more...]
Eliminating Fouling Reboilers in Continuous and Batch Distillation
Continuous Distillation with a Fouling Reboiler A large chemical plant operates a fouling reboiler with forced circulation on a distillation column. When allowing boiling in the tubes, the operation suffers from severe fouling of the exchanger. Suppressing the evaporation in the tubes by installing a throttle plate in the reboiler outlet did not inhibit fouling. The … [Read more...]