Modular mini refineries are best utilized in emerging economies and in remote locations where gasoline, diesel and fuel oil are needed. The local crude oil is normally your lowest cost feed stock because the transportation costs are minimized. Mini refineries with heavy crudes and low API gravity produce more fuel oil and less naphtha and diesel. Light crudes with … [Read more...]
Simulating a Divided Wall Column with CHEMCAD
ChemCad Simulation of Divided Wall Column Simulating a Divided Wall Column with various column configurations can be easily achieved when developed within ChemCad. Why would one consider a divided wall column in the first place? Divided wall columns offer savings in capital costs and operating costs but more specifically, energy costs! Traditionally, if you have n … [Read more...]
CHEMCAD Dynamics for Operator Training
CHEMCAD Dynamics is a remarkable tool for operator training. The example shown is a distillation column that looks like a Piping & Instrument Diagram. Each control loop can be modified by changing the proportion, integral and derivative values. The model responds similarly to a plant distillation column. Liquid holdup in the column, heat exchangers and even piping can be … [Read more...]
Pressure Relief Valves and Flares for the Process Industries
1 Introduction Overpressure is caused by the accumulation of material or energy within a process system that exceeds the design conditions of the equipment. Relief of this overpressure in a plant is an ASME Code requirement and is necessary for loss minimization, energy conservation, and the protection of operating personnel, the public, the … [Read more...]
Using ChemCad to Debottleneck Chemical Plants
Having a bottleneck in your chemical plant will decrease efficiency and/or throughput. This can be difficult to pinpoint. If you make changes by guessing where the bottleneck is, this can be very costly and may not even solve the issue. COSTELLO’s professional engineers are experts at helping to debottleneck plants by using ChemCad, which can save you from a major headache in … [Read more...]