{"id":816,"date":"2017-06-23T15:53:07","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T22:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/?p=816"},"modified":"2026-05-08T03:12:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T10:12:03","slug":"pickering-emulsion-recycling-nanoparticle-catalysts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/process-intensification\/pickering-emulsion-recycling-nanoparticle-catalysts\/","title":{"rendered":"Pickering-Emulsion Strategy for Separating &#038; Recycling Nanoparticle Catalysts"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Nanoparticle Catalysts<\/h3>\n<p>Nanoparticle catalysts have extensive surface area\/unit volume&nbsp;when compared to traditional catalysts.&nbsp; This property makes them ideal for use in process intensified reactors such as the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/spinning_tube.html\">Holl-Reactor<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a>. The catalyst mass rate can be dramatically lowered and still achieve high production rates.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Classical Emulsion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First we will talk about a&nbsp;classical emulsion that consists of plant based oil droplets suspended in an aqueous phase.&nbsp; The hydrophobic end of the oily fatty acids a line in such a way that&nbsp; they are pointed inward towards the center of the oil droplet. The hydrophilic end of the oily fatty acids&nbsp;point outward towards the aqueous media.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Pickering Emulsion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In a Pickering emulsion, the oil droplets are stabilized by nanoparticles that adhere to the outside of the droplets.&nbsp; The nanoparticles can be catalysts.<\/p>\n<p>In summarizing, the classical emulsion uses molecular surfactants to stabilize the emulsion and the Pickering emulsion uses solid particles to stabilize an emulsion.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_853\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-853\" style=\"width: 727px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Classical-Pickering-Emulsion.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-853 size-full\" title=\"An Oil Water Classical Emulsion Versus an Oil Water Pickering Emulsion\" src=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Classical-Pickering-Emulsion.png\" alt=\"Pickering Emulsion with Nanoparticle Catalysts\" width=\"727\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Classical-Pickering-Emulsion.png 727w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Classical-Pickering-Emulsion-300x94.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-853\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Oil Water Classical Emulsion Versus an Oil Water Pickering Emulsion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>An Oil Water Classical Emulsion Versus an Oil Water Pickering Emulsion<\/p>\n<p>Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometers in size.&nbsp; Thus nanoparticle catalysts&nbsp;can not be filtered out of a reaction medium and also although membranes were considered as a possible way to separate&nbsp;nanoparticle catalysts at the discharge of a reactor; erosion on the membrane does occur ruling them out also. So how can we recycle catalyst particles in a process intensified reactor?<\/p>\n<p>For our process intensified theoretical example we will be reacting benzene with hydrogen peroxide to produce phenol. &nbsp;The nanoparticle catalyst will be&nbsp;Modified Titanium Silicalite.<sup>1, 2<\/sup><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_852\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-852\" style=\"width: 372px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Pickering-Emulsion.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-852 size-full\" title=\"The Conversion of Benzene to Phenol using a Modified Titanium Silicalite Nanoparticle Catalyst\" src=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Pickering-Emulsion.jpg\" alt=\"Holl Reactor with Nanoparticle Catalyst\" width=\"372\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Pickering-Emulsion.jpg 372w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Pickering-Emulsion-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-852\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Conversion of Benzene to Phenol using a Modified Titanium Silicalite Nanoparticle Catalyst<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the first tank, the Pickering W\/O emulsion is created with some benzene and H<sub>2<\/sub>O\/H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> blend and the nanoparticle catalyst. The second tank has the benzene feed.&nbsp; A&nbsp;Holl-Reactor<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> is used for the conversion of Benzene to Phenol.&nbsp; The RPM of the Holl-Reactor<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> must be adjusted to maintain the Pickering Emulsion. &nbsp;Note that the hydrogen peroxide and water, the aqueous phase,&nbsp;is inside the emulsion sphere and the catalyst is on the surface.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/NanoParticle-Version-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-864 size-full\" title=\"Production of Phenol Using Peroxide and Nanoparticle Catalysis\" src=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/NanoParticle-Version-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1555\" height=\"929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/NanoParticle-Version-2.jpg 1555w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/NanoParticle-Version-2-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/NanoParticle-Version-2-768x459.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/NanoParticle-Version-2-1024x612.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1555px) 100vw, 1555px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Separation of the Catalyst<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An increase the oil fraction by recycling&nbsp;the organic phase can produce a Pickering emulsion\/oil biphasic system (PEOBS) that makes use of the gravity after the Holl-Reactor<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> to separate and recycle the catalyst. Most of product remains in the oil phase owing to smaller fraction of oil in the Pickering emulsion.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The aqueous phase goes to the centrifuge where nanoparticles flow back to the emulsification tank. The Aqueous phase goes to flash evaporation and any remaining oily phase goes back to the phase separation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"site-container\">\n<div class=\"site-inner\">\n<div class=\"content-sidebar-wrap\">\n<article class=\"post-181 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-modular-plants tag-skid-mounted-plants entry\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<h3>Let <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/\">COSTELLO <\/a>Help with Your Process Intensification<\/h3>\n<p>Learn more about the services COSTELLO offers for <a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/process_intensification.html\">process intensification<\/a> to get the most out of your modular plant design!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>References:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.200352184\/abstract\">Direct Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol with Hydrogen Peroxide over a Modified Titanium Silicalite -Luigi Balducci Dr.,Daniele Bianchi Dr.,Rossella Bortolo Dr.,Rino D&#8217;Aloisio, Marco Ricci Dr., Roberto Tassinari and Raffaele Ungarelli<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"articleTitle\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b03046\"><span class=\"hlFld-Title\">Dynamics of Pickering Emulsions in the Presence of an Interfacial Reaction: A Simulation Study&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Shuangliang Zhao, <\/span><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Bicai Zhan, <\/span><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Yaofeng Hu, <\/span><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Zhaoyu Fan, <\/span><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Marc Pera-Titus, and <\/span><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Honglai Liu<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00287\/full\">An Overview of Pickering Emulsions: Solid-Particle Materials, Classification, Morphology, and Applications&nbsp;&nbsp; Yunqi Yang, Zhiwei Fang, Xuan Chen, Weiwang Zhang<sup>2<\/sup>, Yangmei Xie ,Yinghui Chen, Zhenguo Liu and, Weien Yuan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"left: -3000px; width: 1000px; overflow: hidden; position: fixed;\" contenteditable=\"false\">\n<div contenteditable=\"true\"><!-- x-tinymce\/html --><sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nanoparticle Catalysts Nanoparticle catalysts have extensive surface area\/unit volume&nbsp;when compared to traditional catalysts.&nbsp; This property makes them ideal for use in process intensified reactors such as the Holl-Reactor\u00ae. The catalyst mass rate can be dramatically lowered and still achieve high production rates. A Classical Emulsion First we will talk about a&nbsp;classical emulsion that consists of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-modular-plants","category-process-intensification","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pickering Emulsion Recycling for Nanoparticle Catalysts &#8211; COSTELLO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pickering emulsion systems improve nanoparticle catalyst recycling, process efficiency, and chemical production performance.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/process-intensification\/pickering-emulsion-recycling-nanoparticle-catalysts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pickering Emulsion Recycling for Nanoparticle Catalysts &#8211; COSTELLO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pickering emulsion systems improve nanoparticle catalyst recycling, process efficiency, and chemical production performance.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/process-intensification\/pickering-emulsion-recycling-nanoparticle-catalysts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSTELLO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RC-Costello-Assoc-Inc-168604736508331\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/COSTELLO.ENGINEERING.SERVICES\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-06-23T22:53:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-08T10:12:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Classical-Pickering-Emulsion.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"R.C. 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