{"id":1678,"date":"2018-08-23T15:24:34","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T22:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/?p=1678"},"modified":"2026-05-08T03:21:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T10:21:48","slug":"esterification-biodiesel-part-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/biodiesel\/esterification-biodiesel-part-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Esterification \u2013 Biodiesel Part 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Process-Flow-Diagrams-Biodiesel.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1773 size-large\" title=\"Esterification of Free Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production\" src=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Process-Flow-Diagrams-Biodiesel-1024x544.jpg\" alt=\"esterification\" width=\"1024\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Process-Flow-Diagrams-Biodiesel-1024x544.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Process-Flow-Diagrams-Biodiesel-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Process-Flow-Diagrams-Biodiesel-768x408.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Process-Flow-Diagrams-Biodiesel.jpg 1480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h3><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Feedstocks with high Free Fatty Acids cannot go directly to transesterification;\u00a0 first you must go through the esterification process. This is because the\u00a0transesterification catalyst sodium methylolate reacts with the free fatty acids and forms soap.\u00a0 Instead, esterification of the free fatty acids is accomplished in two catalyst beds in series, with solid catalysts.\u00a0 The catalyst is a proven ion exchange resin.\u00a0 A byproduct water\/ methanol stream is produced from this process. Traditional liquid sulfuric acid catalyzed esterification technology uses both acid and then 25% to 50% sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize the spent acid.\u00a0 In addition, emulsions from this sulfuric acid technology are not created by the this process with a solid catalyst.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Esterification 1<sup>st<\/sup> Stage<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Double degummed oil, yellow grease or any high FFA feed stock flows to a solid catalyzed double bed process that utilizes an ion exchange resin for the catalyst.\u00a0 This process uses a fixed bed configuration with downward flow.\u00a0 A typical design basis is 20% FFAs with the balance being triglycerides with small quantities of water in the ppm range.\u00a0 Double degummed oil, yellow grease or any high FFA feedstock is fed from the esterification feed tank through a pump\u00a0 to a shell and tube heat and raised to the operating temperature. The methanol is also fed from the methanol feed tank (not shown) through pump P-202 to the same shell and tube heat exchanger, and combined with the oil and on to the guard bed (not shown) and the first catalyst bed in a proprietary molar ratio of methanol to FFAs.\u00a0 The guard bed contains the same catalyst and essentially extends the life of the first bed by removing impurities. This means that every feed tank in bulk storage must be tested for FFA content prior to adjusting the methanol feed ratio in the human machine interface in the control room. \u00a0\u00a0For feeds higher than 20%, FFAs can be blended with low FFA feedstocks to get\u00a0below the maximum 20% FFA content. \u00a0An example of this would be that Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) at 90% FFAs can be mixed with RBD soybean oil with essentially no FFAs in a ratio of 100 lbs PFAD to 350 lbs of RBD soybean oil. The second option is to reduce the feed rate to the esterification unit.\u00a0 After the passing through the first bed 90% conversion is achieved leaving 2% FFAs in the reactor effluent.\u00a0 This material is cooled through a heat exchanger and sent to a settling chamber or decanter, to remove the excess methanol and the water of reaction.\u00a0 The water methanol mixture is pumped from the decanter through a pump to the Methanol distillation column feed drum and the methanol distillation column for further processing and recovery of the methanol for recycling. This system will be shown in part 5.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Esterification 2<sup>nd<\/sup> Stage<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Oil, biodiesel, yellow grease or any high FFA feedstock with remaining FFAs is fed from the settling chamber or decanter, through a pump\u00a0 to another shell and tube heat exchanger and raised to the appropriate operating temperature.\u00a0 Additional methanol is also fed from the methanol feed tank\u00a0 through a pump to the same shell and tube heat exchanger, and combined with the oil and raised to the\u00a0appropriate operating temperature and on to the second catalyst bed.\u00a0 \u00a0After the passing through the second bed 90% conversion is achieved again leaving 0.2% FFAs in the reactor effluent. This material is cooled through exit heat exchanger and sent to a second settling chamber or decanter to remove the excess methanol and the water of reaction.\u00a0 The water methanol mixture is pumped from the decanter to the methanol distillation column feed drum (not shown) and the methanol distillation column for further processing and recovery of the methanol for recycling. The FFA free oil now contains biodiesel and triglycerides and is pumped by to a feed drum\u00a0 in the transesterification section of the plant for further processing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"site-container\">\n<div class=\"site-inner\">\n<div class=\"content-sidebar-wrap\">\n<article class=\"post-1676 post type-post status-publish format-standard category-biodiesel tag-biodiesel tag-chemcad tag-chemical-engineering tag-chemistry tag-costello tag-degumming tag-engineering-solutions entry\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Coming up next Thursday for Part 4 we&#8217;ll discuss TRANSESTERIFICATION!<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/\">COSTELLO<\/a>\u00a0implements one-of-a-kind process engineering with exceptional knowledge and experience, We also provide process safety support and superior customer service.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Visit our <a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/biofuels.html\">website<\/a>\u00a0today to see how we can help you with your Biodiesel project needs!<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview Feedstocks with high Free Fatty Acids cannot go directly to transesterification;\u00a0 first you must go through the esterification process. This is because the\u00a0transesterification catalyst sodium methylolate reacts with the free fatty acids and forms soap.\u00a0 Instead, esterification of the free fatty acids is accomplished in two catalyst beds in series, with solid catalysts.\u00a0 The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[16,114,123,109,14,190,191,93,73],"class_list":["post-1678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-biodiesel","tag-chemcad","tag-chemical-engineering","tag-chemistry","tag-costello","tag-engineering-solutions","tag-esterification","tag-expertise-consulting","tag-process-intensification","tag-safety","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Esterification in Biodiesel Production: Process &amp; Benefits<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand how esterification improves biodiesel quality, boosts efficiency, and lowers production challenges in fuel processing.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/biodiesel\/esterification-biodiesel-part-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Esterification in Biodiesel Production: Process &amp; Benefits\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand how esterification improves biodiesel quality, boosts efficiency, and lowers production challenges in fuel processing.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/biodiesel\/esterification-biodiesel-part-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COSTELLO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RC-Costello-Assoc-Inc-168604736508331\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/COSTELLO.ENGINEERING.SERVICES\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-08-23T22:24:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-08T10:21:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Process-Flow-Diagrams-Biodiesel.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"786\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"R.C. 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