{"id":1275,"date":"2018-06-21T15:46:44","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T22:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/?p=1275"},"modified":"2026-05-08T03:29:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T10:29:46","slug":"explosion-investigations-part-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rccostello.com\/wordpress\/hazards\/explosion-investigations-part-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Explosion Investigations with the Three Column Method &#8211; Part 3 of 3 in a Series on Explosions"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1491\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1491\" style=\"width: 566px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/WP-explosion-investigation.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1491\" src=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/WP-explosion-investigation.jpg\" alt=\"explosion investigations\" width=\"566\" height=\"297\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Explosion Investigations<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Explosion Investigations<\/h2>\n<p>Corporations spend enormous amounts of money on explosion investigations.\u00a0 Yet experienced investigators know there are only 9 ignition sources. For an actual asphalt tank fire, the analysis is shown below and whether or not this ignition source was ruled out.<\/p>\n<p>Column 1 is labeled: What facts do we know about the incident<\/p>\n<p>Column 2 is\u00a0labeled:\u00a0What facts don&#8217;t know about the incident<\/p>\n<p>Column 3 is labeled: The ignition sources which you can see below<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Explosion-Investigation.bmp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1497 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Explosion-Investigation-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Mind Manager\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mind Manager<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">List of Ignition Sources<\/h2>\n<table style=\"height: 1436px;\" width=\"731\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\"><strong>Ignition Source<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"336\"><strong>Analysis<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"120\"><strong>Ruled Out?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Autoxidation<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">No fibrous material that could wick hydrocarbons was present. Autoxidation is the \u2018rag in the garage\u2019 ignition where there is a high hydrocarbon surface area to oxygen ratio. Typically occurs in storage tanks when hydrocarbons spill onto fiberglass insulation.<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Autoignition<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">Occurs when hydrocarbon\/air mixture derive enough energy from surroundings to ignite.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Air entered the day tank during a pump down and\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0fill cycle of the day tank<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Temperature in tank was well above autoignition\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0temperature for several hydrocarbon components\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0typically in vapor space<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Most likely ignition source<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Catalytic Material<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">Typical catalytic material to cause combustion is pyrophoric iron sulfide.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tank was cleaned in December<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tank lid was confirmed clean by the writer after\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0removal other than post explosion splash of\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0asphalt when foam was added<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Therefore, no pyrophoric iron sulfide was present<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Electrical Arcing<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">No arcing electrical equipment exists near or in the tank.<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Static Charge<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">Incoming flux from flux tank drops from the end of the dip tube to the bottom of the tank 23 feet. Free falling liquids are considered to be a possible cause of static charge buildup in a tank but this dip leg has functioned without an ignition for many years and asphalt does not represent a static charge hazard.<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Friction<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">No mechanical equipment present in the vapor space that could cause high heat from parts rubbing.<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Compression<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">Atmospheric tank compression of gases for heat up not likely since there is nothing in tank to cause compression.<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">Coke\/ Carbon<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tank was cleaned in December 2003<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tank lid was confirmed clean after removal other\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 than post explosion splash of asphalt when foam\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 was added<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Therefore, no coke\/carbon was present<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"163\">External Flame Source<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">No flame source present at the top of the day tank.<\/td>\n<td width=\"120\">Ruled out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>With the three column method of investigation, the ignition source can be quickly found which leads to the rapid determination of the root cause of the explosion.<\/p>\n<p>Usually in chemical plants and refineries which are group D class 1 Division 2, open flames are not present nor is cigarette smoking allowed so an external flame source is quickly ruled out.<\/p>\n<p>Asphalt in this case does not hold a static charge.\u00a0 This was quickly ruled out.<\/p>\n<p>Using the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mindjet.com\/en-mind-mapping-b6\/?campaignID=7011M000000GEWu&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjw9qfZBRA5EiwAiq0Abcb6q5mQZL6bW3EOXkcj6TW--UG9FAce6s4ogfABzco2nHL32GBbSxoCa0QQAvD_BwE\">MindManager<\/a>\u00a0software, the three columns are clearly shown and how one or more items\u00a0 in column 1 rule out an ignition source in column 3.\u00a0 Connections in column 1 and column 3 are made with the software for easy understanding. These connections can be challenged by the leader working on the explosion investigation or by the people working on the explosion investigations team. Complete analysis is beyond the scope of this blog.<\/p>\n<h4>Let us help<strong><em> you<\/em><\/strong> with your explosion investigations and why our methodology will save you\u00a0valuable time and money.<\/h4>\n<div class=\"site-container\">\n<div class=\"site-inner\">\n<div class=\"content-sidebar-wrap\">\n<article class=\"post-1273 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-hydrocarbon category-process-safety tag-autoignition tag-engineering tag-engineering-solutions tag-environment tag-fire tag-flammability tag-fuel tag-gas tag-hydrocarbons tag-oil tag-vapor entry\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/rccostello.com\/\">R.C. Costello and Assoc., Inc.<\/a> implements one-of-a-kind process engineering with exceptional knowledge and experience, process safety support and superior customer service.\u00a0Give us a call today and see what we can do for you.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explosion Investigations Corporations spend enormous amounts of money on explosion investigations.\u00a0 Yet experienced investigators know there are only 9 ignition sources. For an actual asphalt tank fire, the analysis is shown below and whether or not this ignition source was ruled out. Column 1 is labeled: What facts do we know about the incident Column [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[149,114,13,14,74,155,147,39,145,161,173,172,171],"class_list":["post-1275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-hazards","tag-autoignition","tag-chemical-engineering","tag-engineering","tag-engineering-solutions","tag-environment","tag-explosions","tag-flammability","tag-hazard-analysis","tag-hydrocarbons","tag-investigations","tag-mapping","tag-mindjet","tag-mindmanager","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Explosion Investigations: Three Column Method - Part 3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the 9 ignition sources in explosion cases and their impact on safety and costs. 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