Modular mini refineries are best utilized in emerging economies and in remote locations where gasoline, diesel and fuel oil are needed. The local crude oil is normally your lowest cost feed stock because the transportation costs are minimized. Mini refineries with heavy crudes and low API gravity produce more fuel oil and less naphtha and diesel. Light crudes with … [Read more...]
The Chemistry and Physics of Rocket Engines
Propellants and oxidizers can be produced in modular plants near your rocket launch site. Chemical Propulsion The chemistry of traditional rocket engines is best described as combustion. Over the years many chemical systems have been used, which include but are not limited to: Propellent Hydrazine Highly Refined kerosene (RP-1) Liquid Hydrogen Highly … [Read more...]
Remote Access of Your Modular Process Plant
Industrial automation with PLCs is no longer limited by the walls of a production facility. More and more automation is being handled via remote communication, whether it’s from the office or from the comfort of your own home. Today’s PLCs give you the ability to access your modular plant control system to handle such tasks as monitoring via a website to determine the condition … [Read more...]
Biogas Production from Dairy Cattle Manure
In 2007, COSTELLO provided engineering services to the Microgy biogas plant in Stephenville, Texas. This plant was the largest plant in the United States to produce pipeline grade biomethane from dairy cow manure. The Microgy plant converted dairy cow manure and other organic matter into biogas using an anaerobic process. The bacteria were thermophilic. The biogas … [Read more...]
Pickering-Emulsion Strategy for Separating & Recycling Nanoparticle Catalysts
Nanoparticle Catalysts Nanoparticle catalysts have extensive surface area/unit volume when compared to traditional catalysts. This property makes them ideal for use in process intensified reactors such as the Holl-Reactor®. The catalyst mass rate can be dramatically lowered and still achieve high production rates. A Classical Emulsion First we will talk about … [Read more...]