COSTELLO

ShockWave Power^TM Reactor Basics

The ShockWave Power™ (SP) technology represents a new and innovative way to apply energy to liquids. The technology has two distinct capabilities:

While varying by application, one or more of these significant benefits will be realized through the use of SP over conventional technologies:

• Reduced energy requirements
• Improved process efficiencies (in time, operating costs, and/or capital costs)
• Elimination or reduction of process downtime from maintenance requirements
• More effective and efficient mixing and increase transfer rate.
• Reduction in the number of downstream processing steps
• Enhanced chemical reaction rates
  

During the past several years of intensive research, Hydro Dynamics has studied the production of shock waves for the purpose of transforming fluids. Early prototypes, consisting of a rotor spinning inside a housing, were able to significantly increase the temperature of water flowing through the device. This result indicated that it was possible to harness the power of cavitation. This controlled cavitation generates shock waves, which convert mechanical energy into heat energy.

The first patent was issued to the Company for the ShockWave Power™ generator in 1993 (U.S. Patent No. 5188090). The Hydro Dynamics, Inc - The Solutions Company is now patented in the US, Canada, Japan and 11 other countries. The Company has also filed process patent applications for gas/liquid mixing using its technology.

The ShockWave Power (SP) reactor works by taking a fluid, pure or impure, into the machine housing, where it is passed over the generator's spinning cylinder. The specific geometry of the holes in the cylinder, clearance between the cylinder, and the housing and rotational speed create pressure differences within the liquid where tiny bubbles form and collapse. These collapsing bubbles generate shock waves that are used to heat, concentrate and mix. The result is the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy. In the case of mixing, the shock waves increase the surface area of the gas and liquid being mixed so that a higher mass transfer rate occurs.

1. Biodiesel (Single Continuous Reactor or Two in Series)
2. Catalysis (with heterogeneous catalysts)
3. Catalysis (with homoogeneous catalysts)
4. Rearrangement
5. Addition-Elimination
6. Substitution
7. Condensation
8. Polymerization
9. Electrochemistry
10. pH Adjustment
11. Photochemistry when stator is made of quartz
12. Particle Formation